In the past few years, a considerable of immigrants have established their own businesses. In doing so, they have contributed in many ways to the economic development of American and European metropolitan areas. Some businesses have been incorporated into the mainstream, while others have stayed on the economic fringes: more often than not their entrepreneurship involves low-level activities taking place on the fringe of the urban economy. They operate at the lower end of the market where obstacles to admission are weakest, but even here they lead a difficult existence economically. Although immigrant entrepreneurs work long hours--often assisted by family, co-ethnics or other immigrants--profit gains are often minimal, and--judged by the standards of established businesses--their corporate management leaves much to be desired[, with conditions of labour below standard. In addition, they often resort to all sorts of illegal practices, varying from tax fraud to the employment of undocumented immigrants. This in turn leads to reactions on the part of government or other controlling agencies or advocacy groups which may threaten the continuity of the enterprise.
In this book a number of these processes and their interrelationship are submitted to more detailed theoretical study. A first point of departure is that the opportunities and strategies of entrepreneurs are closely linked to their relations within economic, politico-institutional and social environments. In practice, they will depend on the precise mixture of these various types of embeddedness. A second point of departure is that this exploration can only be optimally carried out if insights from other complementary disciplines are used. It is evident that the study of small-scale ethnic entrepreneurship can only be fruitful if it is not limited to economic sociology but widens its field of vision to include, for example, disciplines such as business economics and international political economics.

Introduction
Immigrant businesses and their economic, politico-institutional, and social environment
by Jan Rath

Chapter 1
Regionalization in a globalizing world. The emergence of clothing sweatshops in the European Union
by Stephan Raes

Chapter 2
Market potential as a decisive influence on the performance of ethnic minority business
by Trevor Jones, Giles Barrett and David McEvoy

Chapter 3
Location matters. Ethnic entrepreneurs and the spatial context
by Ans Rekers and Ronald Van Kempen

Chapter 4
Small firm financial management and immigrant entrepreneurship
by Robert Watson, Kevin Keasey and Mae Baker

Chapter 5
Immigrant entrepreneurship and the institutional conteaxt. A theoretical exploration
by Robert Kloosterman

Chapter 6
State regulatory regimes and immigrant informal economic activity
by Gary Freeman and Nedim Ogelman

Chapter 7
The economic theory of ethnic conflict. A critique and reformulation
by Roger Waldinger

Chapter 8
The social capital of ethnic entrepreneurs and their business success
by Henk Flap, Adem Kumcu and Bert Bulder

Chapter 9
Globalization and migration networks
by Ivan Light

Chapter 10
International migration, undocumented immigrants and immigrant entrepreneurship
by Richard Staring

References

Index 

Overview of my publications
Racism
Islam/Muslims
General issues
Immigrant education
Miscellaneous issues
Migration/ethnic studies
Immigrant entrepreneurship
Immigrant political participation

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